Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Lichens Usnea rubrotincta, Ramalina dumeticola, Cladonia verticillata and Their Chemical Constituents
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extract and chemical constituents of Usnea rubrotincta, Ramalina dumeticola and Cladonia verticillata. Acetone extract of U. rubrotincta showed promising antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis with the lowest Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of (15.63 g/mL). Six secondary metabolites were isolated using Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (PHPLC) method from the two bioactive lichens U. rubrotincta and R. dumeticola (compound 1 -6). Among all six compounds, compound (1) exhibited strongest activity against both the tested Gram positive bacteria at 7.81 g/mL. Compound (6) had 69.57% scavenging activity against DPPH free radical while the rest only showed below 50% scavenging activity. This is the first evaluation of antibacterial activity of lichens found in Malaysia and to our knowledge, this is the first report of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of compound (3) and (5).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it