P4‐114: The applicability of new screening instruments for cognitive impairment in parkinson's disease in turkey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent insight suggests that cognitive impairment is an early and inevitable feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). The relevant evidence also suggests that its neuropsychological profile is distinct than that of Alzheimer's disease (AD), being mostly non-amnestic. Moreover, there may even be a benign dysexecutive and a progressive visuospatial subtypes. Hence, there is a need for cognitive screening instruments specifically designed for PD, for practical use in Movement Disorders clinics. Our aim was to see the applicability of the Turkish versions of 3 such instruments, as compared to traditional cognitive screening tests with established Turkish norms. The study was conducted in Bezmialem University's Movement Disoreders outpatient clinic, which generally attracts low-income, relatively poorly educated individuals. Eightty (56 males), consecutive, non-demented PD patients, who were rated as 1 (slight cognitive impairment; n=77) or 2 (mild cognitive impairment; n=3) in item 1.1 of MDS-UPDRS were included in the study. They were tested with 2 traditional (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised [ACE-R] and Montreal Cognitive Examination [MOCA]) and 3 newer tests that were specifically designed for PD (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Cognition [SCOPA-COG], Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale [PD-CRS] and Parkinson's Disease Dementia-Short Screen [PDD-SS]). Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is embedded within ACE-R. Thus ACE-R also provides MMSE score. The patients had a mean age of 67.4±8.9 years and mean years of education of 6.6±3.4. Mean test scores/total score were as follows: MMSE: 26.8± 2.8/30, ACE-R: 71±12,2/100, MOCA: 20.9± 4.6/30, PD-CRS: 69.5±19/134, PDD-SS: 14.1±3.9/22, SCOPA-COG:16.6±6.7/43. Turkish versions of the cognitive screening instruments that were developed specifically for PD proved to be too difficult for this relatively low educated group of PD patients with essentially subjective cognitive complaints as reflected by their near-floor effect-performances. Turkish adaptation of these tests may need the modification of some test items, unless their use will be reserved for a minority of the patients with PD, who are highly educated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".