Synthesis, Activation and Decomposition of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-containing Complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NHC–transition metal complexes are described in terms of their synthesis, stability and utility as catalytic precursors. After a review of the more common methods of synthesis, the known decomposition reactions are described. These include displacement of the NHC from the metal coordination sphere, reductive elimination of the NHC and adjacent ligands, C–H/C–C or C–N activation of the NHC ligand in addition to other pathways such as migratory insertion reactions. With these decomposition routes in mind, the approaches required to prepare NHC–metal complexes that are resistant to degradation are depicted. Finally, useful methods for generating active catalysts from NHC metal complexes are described, including, in some cases, results gleaned during studies of decomposition pathways. Taken together, these sections will provide the reader with a detailed knowledge of the expected stability of typical NHC complexes, in addition to methods of generating active catalysts from them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".