Corrections and juvenile delinquency in the Kingdom of Swaziland : an exploratory study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since gaining its independence in 1968 and the establishment of the Prison Act, there has been increasing recognition that corrections and the welfare of juvenile delinquents in Swaziland has been fraught with a wide range of challenges. In 2013, the Department of Correctional Services, for the first time, undertook a descriptive and exploratory study examining social background patterns of detained juvenile delinquents to establish a profile of juvenile delinquency in Swaziland. Data was collected from all 304 juveniles at Malkerns Industrial School in the rural town of Malkerns. A closed-ended survey with 33 questions was used to collect the data. Overall, the results showed that juvenile offenders in Swaziland have many of the same social challenges as do young offenders in most other parts of the world. The results provided the foundation for a number of recommendations on how Swaziland can consider moving forward in reforming its juvenile justice practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".