Changes in various endometrial proteins during cloprostenol-induced failure of early pregnancy in mares
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Various major proteins in uterine secretions flushed from mares on day 20 of gestation have been identified and related to levels of gene expression in endometrial biopsies. Pregnancy-related changes were determined by comparison with samples from mares on day 20 after being given a luteolytic IM dose of cloprostenol on day 18, and with cycling mares that were not pregnant on days 17-20. Proteins in cell-free uterine flush samples were identified by LC-MS/MS of trypsindigested peptides. Levels of endometrial expression were estimated from raw signal strength in Agilent 21322 E. caballus expression microarray. In this paper we describe a subset of pregnancy-related endometrial proteins with potential roles in embryonic development and/or mucosal innate immunity. Endometrial proteins that increased greatly during pregnancy included GM2 activator (GM2A), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and uterine serpin (SERPINA14). Endometrial proteins that decreased in normal pregnancy included secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), secretoglobin 1A1 (SCGB1A1), and vanin 1 (VNN1). Cloprostenol-induced failure of pregnancy resulted in increased endometrial expression of SPLA2, cathepsin L1 (CTSL1), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), SCGB1A1 epididymal secretory protein E1 (NPC2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), uteroferrin/TRAP5 (ACP5), SERPINA14, annexin A1 (ANXA1), annexin A3 (ANXA3), and vanin 3 (VNN3). Expression of P19 uterocalin (P19) was similarly high in pregnant and non-pregnant endometrium, and virtually undetectable in the yolk-sac wall. High levels of expression of ANXA2, GM2A, NPC2, CTSL1 and RBP4 in both endometrium and yolk-sac wall suggests that these have important roles on both sides of the maternal:conceptus interface. The properties and distribution of GM2A and NPC2 suggest that they are important in the transport of phospholipids and sterols. SPLA2, LCN2, SCGB1A1 and IL1RA have potential roles in mucosal innate immunity but their production is reduced during early pregnancy. These studies provide an inventory of many proteins in the uterine lumen during early pregnancy, and a subset for which local endometrial expression is altered when pregnancy is compromised by cloprostenol-induced luteolysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".