Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halogens are among the most reactive chemical elements. In the atmosphere, chlorine and bromine in particular are among the most efficient catalysts in stratospheric ozone removal mechanisms, and the global thinning of the Earth's ozone shield, including the regular occurrence of an “ozone hole” over Antarctica in winter, observed since the 1980s is almost entirely caused by the increase of stratospheric chlorine and bromine levels due to anthropogenic emissions of CFCs and halons. While in the upper stratosphere, rather simple catalytic cycles involving atomic oxygen prevail, somewhat more complex mechanisms are responsible for ozone removal in the lower stratosphere. Two specific cycles, the ClO dimer cycle and the ClO-BrO-cycle, are responsible for the pronounced ozone loss in both hemispheres in polar winter. The reactivity and partitioning within the inorganic halogen families determines their relative ozone depletion efficiency. Unfortunately, the kinetics of some reactions involved are still poorly understood. In particular, the photolysis rate of the ClO dimer—under most conditions rate-limiting for ozone loss—has not been satisfactorily quantified, but some progress towards a better understanding has been made in recent studies. Bromine released from VSLS and chlorine activated on high altitude cirrus clouds also destroy ozone in the UTLS region, where ozone trends can have a significant impact on radiative forcing and thus climate change.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".