Aperçu des virtualités de la compétence fédérale en droit criminel dans le contexte de la protection de l’environnement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
La compétence fédérale en droit criminel a été traditionnellement confinée, en matière de protection de l’environnement, à la prohibition d’activités mettant en danger la santé du public. L’auteur tente de démontrer que l’interprétation évolutive qu’a reçue cette compétence permet aujourd’hui d’affirmer que les émissions de substances dangereuses qui ne portent pas atteinte à la santé des êtres humains, mais qui sont susceptibles de détériorer l’environnement, constituent un « mal public » justifiant une intervention fédérale fondée sur l’article 91(27) de la Constitution. Il soutient également que cette disposition autorise autre chose que la simple interdiction. Elle permet ainsi la réglementation, par le Parlement fédéral, des émissions de substances dangereuses générées par les activités industrielles et commerciales d’entreprises locales qui relèvent au premier chef de la compétence des provinces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".