A Survey of End-Users' Level of Service Requirements for Snow Control for Parking Lots and Sidewalks at Different Establishments in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results from a survey conducted to investigate level of service expectations for parking lots and sidewalks. Survey respondents were asked a number of questions relating to their winter maintenance expectations and their willingness to pay for higher maintenance standards. Questions were designed with realistic scenarios in mind, and aimed to uncover three aspects of public opinion towards winter maintenance: level of service expectations, opinions on the effect of winter maintenance on the environment, and willingness to contribute financially to sustainable alternatives. The collected data is useful in understanding the attitudes of business customers and the general public toward winter maintenance and its effect on the environment, infrastructure, society and economy. These results can be used for further research investigating new technologies, methods for winter maintenance practices, or developing practical guidelines to supplement existing practices. Municipalities and businesses can also use these results to evaluate the benefits of modifying their winter maintenance practices from a user-based perspective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".