Reflectionless Wide-Angle Refracting Metasurfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We hereby report a solution to the problem of reflections from passive lossless refracting metasurfaces that works even at wide deflection angles. The phenomenon of reflections is due to not accounting for the local wave-impedance mismatch at the source and load faces of the metasurface; this cannot be fully mitigated even with an impedance-equalized Huygens' (IEH) metasurface. The solution is demonstrated to be enabled through the correct application of generalized, instead of canonical, scattering parameters. The canonical and IEH approaches are compared to the generalized scattering parameter approach. It is seen that though the approaches are similar at low-to-moderate levels of refraction, at wide-angle refraction only the generalized S-matrix approach is capable of good matching. This is demonstrated via full-wave simulations, for refraction from normal incidence, using an asymmetric structure comprising three cascaded admittance surfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".