Dinoflagellates and vitamin B12 in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of dinoflagellates in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia with a number of environmental parameters, and in particular with vitamin B₁₂ concentrations. The latter was determined by a modified bioassay technique, employing the marine dinoflagellate, Amphidinium carterae Hulburt. The conclusions are based on the analysis of 511 samples from 19 cruises. The annual cycle of vitamin B₁₂ found to be characterized by three major peaks of concentration: 1) a peak following the spring 'bloom' of phytoplankton; 2) a summer increase that was closely associated with silt particles contained in river runoff; and 3) a fall maximum that followed the breakdown of density gradients in the water column. Seventy-seven species of dinoflagellates were recorded from the Strait of Georgia. The temporal distribution of dinoflagellates was divided into two distinct periods of abundance: one occurring during the early spring months and another during the summer months. The results of multiple regression analyses between the dinoflagellates and the environmental parameters measured (vitamin B₁₂, nitrogen, phosphorus, zooplankton, temperature, salinity and sunlight) indicated that the size of the dinoflagellate community in the early spring was closely associated with vitamin B₁₂ concentration in the water column. Nitrogen concentration was apparently a significant factor in determining the size of the community during the late summer months. Phosphorus concentration did not appear to be closely related with total dinoflagellate numbers. The composition and seasonal distribution of the dinoflagellates was found to be essentially similar to that of other northern temperate neritic waters. The major exception was the presence of a distinct spring component in the Strait of Georgia, consisting largely of small nonthecate species.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".