Vasopressin regulates endothelin-B receptor in rat inner medullary collecting duct
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that endothelin (ET) antagonizes the actions of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the renal collecting ducts. On the other hand, the effects of AVP on ET function within the collecting ducts of the kidney have not been investigated extensively. Using isolated inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD), we examined the possibility that a decrease in ET(B) receptor mRNA accompanied AVP-induced downregulation of ET(B) receptors. Binding studies revealed that overnight incubation of rat IMCD cells with AVP significantly reduced the maximal binding capacity (B(max)) of ET. Activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin decreased the total ET(B) receptor density by approximately 42% but did not affect the density of ET(A) receptors. The Rp diastereoisomer of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphothionate, Rp-cAMPS (a specific inhibitor of protein kinase A), blocked the AVP-induced reduction in ET receptor density. Using competitive PCR method, we also observed downregulation of ET(B) receptor mRNA in IMCD treated with AVP. Additional studies were done with IMCD to determine whether AVP inhibited the ET-induced accumulation of cGMP. We saw a reduction in ET-induced cGMP accumulation when IMCD was incubated overnight with AVP. This inhibition of ET-induced accumulation of cGMP was blocked by Rp-cAMPS. These results suggest that AVP regulates ET(B) receptor expression in IMCD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".