Functional observer for switched discrete‐time singular systems with time delays and unknown inputs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study considers the functional observers design for a class of discrete‐time switched singular systems simultaneously subject to state delays, unknown inputs (UIs) and arbitrary switching sequences. The singular matrix E is assumed to be switching‐mode‐dependent, and the UIs are present in both the state and the measurement channels. A mode‐dependent, delay‐type observer is first constructed, then, based on the unknown input decoupling and the switched Lyapunov theory, a method is proposed to design such observer which ensures both: the total elimination of the UIs and exponential estimate of the given function of the state vector. The conditions for the existence of the proposed observer are given through algebraic matrix inequalities, and exponential stability of the observation error dynamics is derived by using a properly constructed decay‐rate‐dependent switched Lyapunov function and the linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".