Simple criteria for ploughing and runout in post-failure evolution of submarine landslides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper extends shear band propagation analysis of slope failures to the investigation of ploughing and runout phenomena in submarine landslides. The ability to predict the two different modes of post-failure landslide evolution is critical for determining the tsunami hazard and type of landslide impact on offshore structures. The proposed analysis is based on the analogy between ploughing and spreading failures. It uses the energy balance approach to develop the criterion for progressive shear band propagation driven by accumulation of sliding material on top of the stable slope. This criterion is then combined with the kinematic passive block mechanism to produce analytical ploughing failure criteria formulated in terms of the critical rise in the seabed level. If the minimum rise of the seabed level at which ploughing can take place is larger than the maximum possible free-standing step in the seabed surface, the first passive failure block will start crumbling over top the stable zone causing the landslide to runout. Application of the derived criteria to the analysis of observed geomorphological features is demonstrated using an example of a paleolandslide complex in the Caspian Sea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".