Dissociative ionization of the 1-propanol dimer in a supersonic expansion under tunable synchrotron VUV radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photoionization and dissociation of the 1-propanol dimer and subsequent fragmentations have been investigated by synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. Besides the protonated monomer cation (C3H7OH)·H(+) (m/z = 61) and Cα-Cβ bond cleavage fragment CH2O·(C3H7OH)H(+) (m/z = 91), the measured mass spectrum at an incident photon energy of 13 eV suggests a new dissociation channel resulting in the formation of the (C3H7OH)·H(+)·(C2H5OH) (m/z = 107) fragment. The appearance energies of the fragments (C3H7OH)·H(+), CH2O·(C3H7OH)H(+) and (C3H7OH)·H(+)·(C2H5OH) are measured at 10.05 ± 0.05 eV, 9.48 ± 0.05 eV, and 12.8 ± 0.1 eV, respectively, by scanning photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectra. The 1-propanol ion fragments as a function of VUV photon energy were interpreted with the aid of theoretical calculations. In addition to O-H and Cα-Cβ bond cleavage, a new dissociation channel related to Cβ-Cγ bond cleavage opens. In this channel, molecular rearrangement (proton transfer and hydrogen transfer after surmounting an energy barrier) gives rise to the generated complex, which then dissociates to produce the mixed propanol/ethanol proton bound cation (C3H7OH)·H(+)·(C2H5OH). This new dissociation channel has not been reported in previous studies of ethanol and acetic acid dimers. The photoionization and dissociation processes of the 1-propanol dimer are described in the photon energy range of 9-15 eV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".