Empirical Correlation of Minimum Burning Pressures of Ammonium Nitrate Emulsions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Experimental minimum burning pressures (MBP) of emulsions with solution phase containing ammonium nitrate/water, ammonium nitrate/sodium nitrate/water, and ammonium nitrate/sodium nitrate/sodium perchlorate/water are investigated. A correlation is proposed to relate the MBP’s with the combustion temperatures. The formulations containing sodium nitrate or sodium perchlorate have much lower MBP’s and can be accounted for by an activation energy of 150.7 kJ mol−1 obtained from literature for ingredients having catalyzing effects on the reaction of ammonium nitrate, e.g. sodium nitrate. The ammonium nitrate/water formulations have a higher activation energy of 173.4 kJ mol−1 deduced from an analysis of the data. The MBP vs. combustion temperature plot is linearized by a multiplication factor to the MBP that includes the activation energy of the corresponding system. This allows the MBP to be predicted from combustion temperatures determined from the formulations and the corresponding activation energy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".