Deepwater skates (Rajidae) collected during the 2004 cruises of R.V. “G.O. Sars” and M.S. “Loran” in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fauna of deepwater skates of the North Atlantic is insufficiently studied. Many deepwater species were discovered rather recently (second half of 20th century) and are known from a few records only. In the summer 2004, studies of bottom ichthyofauna were conducted aboard Norwegian R.V. “G.O. Sars” (bottom trawls, depths down to 3,500 m) and longliner M.S. “Loran” (bottom longlines, depths down to 4,500 m) off the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) area from Azores to Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. Only four species were identified, these were Richardson’s ray Bathyraja richardsoni, pale ray Bathyraja pallida, Jensen’s skate Amblyraja jenseni, and Bigelow’s ray Rajella bigelowi. Richardson’s ray has until present been considered a rather rare species. It was described in the earlier 1960s from waters off New Zealand and subsequently found occasionally at great depths in the western and eastern North Atlantic. According to published data, the captures of only 66 specimens of this species are known to date. Our study showed that B. richardsoni is a common skate in the area surveyed. The 151 specimens captured by the R.V. “G.O. Sars” and M.S. “Loran” allowed us to obtain new data on external morphology and distribution of this species. A capture of a single specimen of B. pallida represented the first for the MAR area. This skate, which was also described in the 1960s, has been known until present by records of twelve specimens only in the Northeast Atlantic from the Bay of Biscay to Rockall Trough. A. jenseni was also captured for the first time in the MAR area. This species was reported mostly from off the coasts of Canada and USA and only several captures have previously been known from the Northeast Atlantic. The records of juveniles and adults in postspawning condition, testify that the MAR area is a regular part of the range of A. jenseni, which is not limited to coastal waters of both sides but extends far into the open Atlantic Ocean waters. R. bigelowi was represented in catches by two neonates. Some morphological characters of the specimens examined neither fitted the original description nor published data that probably related to limited number of neonates of both species examined to date.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".