Moving beyond the urban/rural cleavage: Measuring values and policy preferences across residential zones in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite urban forms becoming more varied, analysts continue to use a dichotomous urban/rural distinction when examining political attitudes. Using geocoding, our analysis of original survey data adopts a four-residential-zone approach to exploring Canadian political values and policy preferences: inner city, suburban, small urban, and rural. We find that an ideological polarization between inner city residents on the left and the rest of Canadians on the right emerges and is most pronounced when it comes to values related to new ideology and policy preferences concerning taxation, moral policies, and spending on social assistance. Within large urban centers specifically, suburbanites are more socially conservative than are inner city residents, while divisions between the two groups are smaller with respect to economic issues and the welfare state. We suggest that researchers should replace the binary category of urban/rural for political analyses with a residential zone approach in order to better capture the complexity of contemporary urbanity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it