Exercise Dose Effects on Insulin Resistance Indicators in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: While >= 150 minutes/week of moderate-vigorous physical activity is recommended for cancer prevention, the optimal amount for breast cancer prevention is unknown. Insulin resistance is a candidate biomarker of breast cancer risk. The objective of the study was to determine if 300 versus 150 minutes/week of moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise produces stronger improvements in insulin resistance indicators. Methods: The Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA) was a year-long, two-center, two-armed, randomized controlled exercise trial between June 2010 and June 2013. The setting was a volunteer sample from Calgary and Edmonton, Canada. Participants were 400 inactive, non-diabetic, postmenopausal women with body mass index of 22 - 40 kg/m 2 . Interventions were 5 days/week aerobic exercise (3 days/week supervised) for 60 minutes/session (high) or 30 minutes/session (moderate) at 65-75% heart rate reserve for great-than or equal to 50% of each session. The main outcome measures were fasting blood concentrations of insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Results: Dose effects were evaluated using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline biomarker concentrations. High/moderate ratios of geometric mean biomarker concentrations over 12 months ranged from 0.93 to 1.00 (all P-values great-than or equal to 0.05), indicating no dose effect. Among adherent women (n = 137), ratios for insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and leptin were 0.77 - 0.89 (P-values < 0.05), indicating more benefit from the high prescription. There was a significant dose effect (P-value < 0.05) on resistin and leptin in non-obese and younger women, respectively. Conclusions: Prescribing 300 versus 150 minutes/week of moderate-vigorous aerobic exercise to inactive, non-diabetic, postmenopausal women may not produce stronger changes in insulin resistance indicators. Among exercise-adherers, however, a 300 minutes/week prescription might provide some additional benefit for breast cancer prevention. J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;6(2):35-45 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem341w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".