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Record W2342649152 · doi:10.12789/geocanj.2016.43.087

Heritage Stone 5. Silicified Granites (Bleeding Stone and Ochre Granite) as Global Heritage Stone Resources from Ávila, Central Spain

2016· article· en· W2342649152 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueGeoscience Canada · 2016
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicBuilding materials and conservation
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGeologyArchaeologyPeninsulaGrabenStructural basinGeomorphologyGeography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Silicified granites were used to build the Romanesque monuments in the city of Ávila, Spain. The building stones comprise two types of granite based on their technical properties and colour: Bleeding Stone (Piedra Sangrante) and Ochre Granite (Caleño). They were used as a facing stone in the city´s Romanesque monuments of the 12th century (e.g. the cathedral and church of San Pedro), and the famous city walls that constitute the best example of military Romanesque Spanish architecture. During the Gothic and Renaissance periods of the 13th and 15th centuries, silicified granites were used mainly to build ribbed vaults, the voissoirs of the arches, and elements of the windows in the monuments of Ávila. Silicified granites are found in the intermediate and upper part of a complex palaeoweathering zone or mantle developed on the Iberian Hercynian Basement which underlies much of the western Iberian Peninsula. The silicification occurred during tropical conditions in the Mesozoic. The weathered mantle was truncated by Alpine tectonic movements during the Tertiary, and its remnants were unconformably overlain by more recent sediments in the western and southern part of the Duero Basin and along the northern edge of the Amblés Valley graben. The historical, and now protected, quarry is located in a village called La Colilla, about 5 km from the city of Ávila. Currently, this stone is exploited only for restoration work performed in the city, for example the Walls of Ávila, and the church of San Pedro. The resource is limited and being depleted, so the stone will be scarce in the near future. Consequently, these silicified granites should be recognized as a Global Heritage Stone Resource. The specific technical properties of these stones and their historic use, decay patterns, durability, and suitability for conservation treatments combine to support its designation as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.RÉSUMÉDes granites silicifiés ont été utilisés pour construire les monuments romans dans la ville d’Ávila, en Espagne. Les pierres de construction comprennent deux types de granite selon leurs propriétés techniques et leur couleur : Bleeding Stone (Piedra sangrante) et Ochre Granite (Caleño). Ils ont été utilisés comme pierre de revêtement de monuments romans du 12ème siècle de la ville (par exemple la cathédrale et de l'église de San Pedro), et pour les célèbres remparts de la ville qui constituent le meilleur exemple de l'architecture espagnole romane militaire. Durant les périodes gothique et Renaissance des 13e et 15e siècles, les granites silicifiés ont été utilisés principalement pour construire des croisés d'ogives, des voussoirs d’arcs et des éléments de fenêtres des monuments d’Ávila. Les granites silicifiés se trouvent dans la partie intermédiaire et supérieure d'une zone complexe de paléo-altération ou de manteau développée sur le socle ibérique hercynien qui supporte une grande partie de la péninsule ibérique occidentale. La silicification s’est produite dans des conditions tropicales au Mésozoïque. Le matériau mantélique altéré a été tronqué par des mouvements tectoniques alpins au cours du Tertiaire, et ses restes ont été recouverts en discordance par des sédiments plus récents dans la partie ouest et sud du bassin de Duero, et le long de la bordure nord de la vallée en graben d’Amblés. L’ancienne carrière, maintenant protégée, est située dans un village appelé La Colilla, à environ 5 km de la ville d’Ávila. Actuellement, cette pierre est exploitée uniquement pour les travaux de restauration effectués dans la ville, par exemple les murs d’Ávila, et l'église de San Pedro. La ressource est limitée et en voie d'épuisement, de sorte que la pierre sera rare dans un proche avenir. Par conséquent, ces granites silicifiés devraient être reconnus en tant que pierre du Patrimoine mondial des ressources en pierre. Les propriétés techniques spécifiques de ces pierres et leur valeur historique, leurs modes de désintégration, leur durabilité et leur pertinence pour la conservation patrimoniale justifient leur désignation en tant que roche du Patrimoine mondial des ressources en pierre. Traduit par le Traducteur

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.077
Threshold uncertainty score0.899

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.182
Teacher spread0.174 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it