The measurement and analysis of Parkinsonian hand tremor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study of the mechanical characteristics of tremor for patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) is an important first step to the design of mechanical tremor suppression orthoses. So far, researchers have interpreted tremor characteristics in both the time and the frequency domains. A number of tremor suppression devices have been developed on the basis of these interpretations of tremor. However, most of the studies and devices have only focused on tremor at the wrist and elbow, and have neglected finger tremor despite the huge impact that it has on a patient's daily life. The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics of finger tremor and wrist tremor, which may be used to provide a reference for the design of tremor suppression devices for the hand. Tremor magnitudes were represented in the forms of linear acceleration, angular velocity and angular displacement. The results show that PD tremors from all joints have a common multiple-frequency pattern and that the second harmonic (6.9-11.5 Hz) makes a large contribution to the tremor that cannot be neglected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".