Agribusiness and Informality in Border Regions in Europe and North America: Avenues of Integration or Roads to Exploitation?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Agribusiness is a globalized industry typified by capital-intensive, large-scale production for domestic and foreign markets. The employment of both migrant and immigrant laborers, and the informality that surrounds use of these laborers, are important components to such production. This paper examines the adaptation to and negotiation of farm laborers in informal markets in conjunction with the socioeconomic development of rural communities in border regions. I present ethnographic research from two important border production zones: the Coachella Valley of Southern California in the United States, and the Campo de Dalías in Almería Province, Andalucía, Spain. Through comparison of these cases, I explore two interrelated aspects of informality in the agribusiness industry: obtaining work and finding a place to live. Establishing and maintaining social networks are key to overcoming social consequences that arise out of agribusiness practices, but their resolution differ in the Coachella Valley and Campo de Dalías. I conclude by discussing the implications of the comparison and possible avenues for further research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".