An Efficient System for Cap- and Poly(A)-Dependent Translation In Vitro
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) acts synergistically with the 5' cap structure to enhance translation. This phenomenon has been explained by the simultaneous binding of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) and a cap-binding protein (eIF4E) to eIF4G that results in the circularization of the mRNA (closed-loop model). We developed a robust cell-free protein synthesis system to study poly(A)-dependent translation. In nuclease-treated extracts of Krebs-2 ascites cells, the mRNA poly(A) tail and the cap structure synergistically stimulate translation. We also describe an efficient procedure for depleting PABP from translation extracts. Greater than 98% of PABP can be depleted from extracts by preincubation with either of the PABP-interacting proteins (Paip2 or Paip1) coupled to beads, and these depleted extracts fail to support efficient translation of poly(A)+ mRNAs. Translation activity is restored to depleted extracts by the addition of recombinant PABP.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it