Through the Eyes of the Guardian Newspaper: Securitization and Humanitarian Discourses and the Arrival of Hungarian (1956-1957) and Kosovar Refugees (1999) on Prince Edward Island, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study was conceptualized from the author‟s experiences while he was completing the Canada Exchanges with the Mediterranean: Migration Experiences and their impact on Nationalism, Trans-nationalism and Identity (CEMMENTI) exchange with the University of Malta in 2008. While completing the program, the author was enrolled in a Contemporary Migrations course through the European Research and Documentation Centre and also volunteered at Marsa Open Refugee Centre. The powerful role that the media has in shaping the opinions Maltese have towards refugees was identified in the Migrations course and also through the author‟s personal experiences at Marsa Centre. Based on this premise that the media has a role in affecting the reception experiences of refugees, this research examines sets of articles from Prince Edward Island‟s The Guardian newspaper which focused on refugee arrivals during the 1950s, 1980s, and 1990s. The 1950s articles demonstrate that the arrival of Hungarian refugees to the Island was welcomed by residents. This is contrasted by the 1990s articles which demonstrate that apprehension existed among residents impending the arrival of Kosovar refugees to the Island. The articles from the 1980s discuss two discourses: a discourse which securitizes refugees and a discourse which reaffirms humanitarianism among residents of the host community.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".