Polymer-Enhanced Foam PEF Injection Technique to Enhance the Oil Recovery for the Post Polymer-Flooding Reservoir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Polymer flooding process is one of the most commonly-used EOR techniques for the waterflooded light-oil reservoirs. The further development after polymer flooding process is currently challenging the EOR techniques. Using the methods of physical simulation and numerical simulation, the feasibility of polymer-enhanced foam (PEF) injection process in post polymer-flooding reservoir is performed in this paper. Through the introduction of a concept of average foam-composite-index (FCI), an experimentally based screening criteria for PEF is proposed. And, the influence of polymer concentration on the plugging-effect of PEF is also experimentally investigated. After that, the parallel experiments of PEF injection and conventional foam injection are conducted. Then, based on the geostatistics data of an actual oil reservoir, a Lorentz-Monte-Carlo (LMC) algorithm is proposed to establish the heterogeneous geological models with different interlayer and plane permeability-variation-coefficients. Thus, the sensitivity of reservoir heterogeneity on the recovery performance of PEF injection is numerically analyzed, and the implementation plan of PEF injection is also optimized through an orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate the plugging effect of PEF is significantly superior to the conventional foam. The optimal polymer concentration is 1500mg/L, and the injection of PEF could effectively enhance the oil recovery by about 17.1%. The improving effect of enhanced foam on oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoir is much more significant than that in the homogeneous reservoir. As the reservoir heterogeneity increases, the ultimate recovery factor increases. For the rhythm reservoir, the reverse rhythm reservoir with weak plane-heterogeneity and week interlayer heterogeneity could yield a better recovery performance. The optimal implementation plan of PEF injection process are that the slug size is 0.06PV, injection rate is 50t/d, gas/liquid ratio is 1:1, foamer solution is 0.5wt%, and polymer solution is 0.6wt%. This investigation sheds some important insights for the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process of post polymer-flooding reservoir. It could be used as a tool for the successful design of PEF injection process during the high water-cut stage of post polymer-flooding reservoir.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".