Polyannulated Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium Pincer Complexes for Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phenanthro- and pyreno-annulated N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been incorporated into lutidine-linked bis-NHC Pd pincer complexes to investigate the effect of these polyannulated NHCs on the ability of the complexes to electrochemically reduce CO2 to CO in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as proton sources. These complexes are screened for their ability to reduce CO2 and modeled using density functional theory calculations, where the annulated phenanthrene and pyrene moieties are shown to be additional sites for redox activity in the pincer ligand, enabling increased electron donation. Electrochemical and computational studies are used to gain an understanding of the chemical significance of redox events for complexes of this type, highlighting the importance of anion binding and dissociation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".