Qu'est-ce que l’Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR) ? (What is Socially Responsible Investment (SRI)?)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article etudie l’evolution des formes et des objectifs de l’Investissement socialement responsable (ISR) aux Etats-Unis et en Europe des annees 1920 jusqu’a nos jours. En s’interessant a la fois aux fondements theoriques et aux caracteristiques des fonds ISR au cours du temps, il dresse un panorama des differents types de fonds en fonction de leur appartenance a un referentiel societal ou economique. En montrant la complexite et la diversite de l’ISR d’hier et d’aujourd’hui, cet article permet de mieux apprehender les enjeux de definition et de legitimation rencontres actuellement par les professionnels du secteur de la gestion d’actifs. This article studies the Socially Responsible Investment (SRI)’s forms and purposes from the 1920s until today in the United States and Europe. Studying both SRI Funds’ theoretical background and features, it provides an overview of the different types of SRI funds according to their societal or economic background. In doing so, the article offers a better understanding of the complexity and the diversity of SRI and of the problems faced today by the asset management sector.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".