Clinical, Endocrinological and Immunological Characteristics of Japanese Patients With Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3a
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ failure. In APS3, autoimmune thyroid disease occurs with other autoimmune diseases, but not with Addison disease. APS3a is defined as APS3 including autoimmune diabetes. The information about clinical backgrounds of APS3a is very limited. We studied to understand clinical, endocrinological and immunological characteristics of Japanese patients with APS3a. Methods: We reviewed our previously published case reports about APS3a, and picked up patients with type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes, who showed the positivity for anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GAD ab) or anti-islet antigen 2 antibody (anti-IA2 ab) or anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG ab) or anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO ab) or anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (anti-TR ab) between January 2010 and January 2016. We collected data including age, sex, anti-GAD ab, anti-IA2 ab, HbA1c, serum fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR), urinary CPR, treatment for diabetes, anti-TPO ab, anti-TG ab, anti-TR ab, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), findings of thyroid ultrasonography and treatment for thyroid diseases. Results: Present study revealed a remarkable female predominance in APS3a. Among patients with autoimmune diabetes, slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM) was the most common type of diabetes, and almost 80% of patients with APS3a showed the positivity for anti-GAD ab. Among patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, almost 80% of patients had possible Hashimoto thyroiditis. Almost 70% of patients with APS3a showed the positivity for anti-TPO ab. Almost 20% of APS3a patients had possible Grave’s disease, and 83% of patients with possible Grave’s disease showed overt Grave’s disease. In patients with possible Grave’s disease, the positive rate of anti-TR ab was 100%. Conclusion: We revealed clinical, endocrinological and immunological characteristics of patients with APS3a in Japan. J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;6(2):46-51 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jem348e
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".