PLP-SEC Studies into the Propagation Rate Coefficient of Acrylamide Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Solution
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acrylamide (AAm) is an important water-soluble monomer. Pulsed-laser polymerization in conjunction with size-exclusion chromatography (PLP-SEC) has been employed to measure the propagation rate coefficient, k p, in aqueous solution at monomer concentrations from 1 to 30 wt % and temperatures between 5 and 70 °C. Laser pulse repetition rate has been extensively varied, from 25 up to 500 Hz, to check for consistency of the measured k p values, which increase toward larger water content, e.g., by 50% upon lowering AAm concentration from 30 to 5 wt %. Variation of pH, up to pH 11, and addition of up to 1 mol L –1 NaCl to the polymerizing system do not significantly affect k p . The activation energy, E A ( k p ), of about 18 kJ mol –1 stays more or less constant within the monomer concentration range under investigation, which indicates that the changes of k p are primarily of entropic origin. The pre-exponential factor, A ( k p ), increases from 5.7 × 10 7 to 7.7 × 10 7 L mol –1 s –1 upon lowering the AAm concentration from 30 to 10 wt %. These high A ( k p ) numbers demonstrate the fluidizing action of water on the transition state structure for propagation and on the barrier toward internal rotation with AAm being lower than with acrylates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it