Analysis of the permeability tensor and the correlation length of heterogeneities in paper using X-ray microtomography
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A technique to determine the permeability from X-ray microtomographic images was developed and applied to paper structures. The images are thresholded and a skeleton of the pore space is obtained from the images. The skeleton is represented by means of a network of resistances. The total resistance of the network along the principal directions is now determined both in the in-plane (X, Y) as well as through the plane (Z) directions. The network resistance for structures at each section is determined. From this data, a correlation length for the network resistance is obtained. Correlation length data are used for determining the effect of heterogeneities on transport properties of paper structures. From this analysis, it is possible to analyze and simulate the moisture transport processes such as wicking and drying in paper, reproducing smaller-scale variations. Permeabilities in the thickness direction were calculated from the X-ray microtomographic reconstructions of the pore space. A set of paper samples prepared with different amounts of fines but with similar porosity and density was analyzed. The permeabilities of the X-ray reconstructions were reduced significantly in papers with fines in agreement with macroscopic measurements of flow through the same sheets. This demonstrated the higher tortuosities of the papers and their increased flow resistance, although the macroscopic porosity and density were relatively unchanged. The same analysis was repeated for a set of pilot machine sample papers to demonstrate variations in permeability predicted by X-ray microtomographic analyses in agreement with expected increases due to refining of pulps.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it