COBALAMIN C DISEASE AND EXPANDED NEWBORN SCREENING: THE CALIFORNIA EXPERIENCE.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cobalamin C (cblC) disease is the most common inborn error of vitamin B12 metabolism. Patients have elevated methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine and typically have a poor prognosis. Common features include mental retardation, nystagmus, pigmentary retinopathy, and neurodegeneration. Treatment includes protein restriction and hydroxocobalamin, betaine, carnitine, and folic acid supplementation. California initiated expanded newborn screening (NBS) in July 2005. Since that time, there have been 10 cases of cblC disease confirmed by fibroblast complementation analysis and/or biochemical studies, resulting in a surprisingly high estimated prevalence of 1 in 60,000. An additional three newborns have been identified in Northern California in whom confirmatory studies are pending. Because 8 of 10 cases are Hispanic, we estimate the prevalence in the Hispanic population to be 1 in 37,000. In the confirmed cases, initial NBS results showed an elevated C3 level ranging from 6.5 to 13.1 μmol/L and an elevated C3/C2 ratio ranging from 0.29 to 0.45 (reference range
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".