Heat transfer within frozen slopes in subarctic Yukon, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dominant mechanism of heat transfer during ground thaw is typically assumed to be vertical conduction. However, the addition of lateral subsurface water flow introduces the potential for the forced convection of energy, having an influence on ground temperatures and thaw rates. Field observations of snowmelt run-off and rates of ground thaw for two slopes within the Wolf Creek basin, Yukon, Canada, highlighted different rates of ground thaw with slope position. Ground temperatures were numerically simulated to evaluate the relative influence of conduction and convection on the thawing of these slopes; each slope comprised different soils and had a different slope aspect. Both slopes were composed of an organic layer overlying a mineral soil. Lateral water flow above the frozen layer occurred within both slopes as a result of a perched saturated zone above the organic–mineral interface. The numerical models reveal that lateral diversion within a surficial, high-hydraulic conductivity layer, such as an organic layer, can initiate convective heat transfer. However, the observed differential thaw was determined to be a result of conduction and variations in the initial ice content and snow cover rather than lateral convection of heat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".