Response of Bosmina size structure to the acidification and recovery of lakes near Sudbury, Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In response to biotic and abiotic cues, the cladoceran genus <em>Bosmina </em>can<em> </em>undergo changes in body size and appendage length and shape over successive generations. To improve our understanding of the environmental controls on <em>Bosmina</em> size structure, we used paleolimnological techniques to examine <em>Bosmina</em> size responses to the extreme acidification and metal contamination, and then subsequent chemical recovery, of lakes in the vicinity of mining and smelting operations near Sudbury, Canada. During the acidification period, <em>Bosmina </em>antennule and carapace length significantly increased in three of the five study lakes, while mucro length significantly decreased in four of the five lakes. However, despite the recent return to pre-impact pH levels, the size structure of the present-day <em>Bosmina</em> community still differs from the pre-impact size distributions. We suggest that the continued dominance of the food webs by small invertebrate predators (<em>e.g.</em>, cyclopoid copepods) is responsible for the persistent changes to <em>Bosmina</em> size structure.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it