TPGS modified reduced bovine serum albumin nanoparticles as a lipophilic anticancer drug carrier for overcoming multidrug resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a novel protein-polymer conjugate, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate modified reduced bovine serum albumin (TPGS-Re-BSA, TRB), was synthesized for lipophilic anticancer drug delivery, and its unique ability to overcome drug resistance was explored. This conjugate was extensively characterized for its chemical structure, average molecular weight, secondary structure, degree of substitution, hydrophobicity, particle size and zeta potential. PTX-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters of 170-370 nm and drug loading efficiency of up to 13.62% were successfully prepared by the dialysis method. These drug-loaded NPs were found to exhibit a sustained release of PTX at pH 7.4, 6.5 and 5.5. Moreover, great anti-tumor activity in drug sensitive MCF-7 cells was observed in the in vitro anti-tumor studies. In particular, enhanced cytotoxicity and PTX-induced apoptosis were observed in the drug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells compared to the Taxol and PTX-loaded BSA NPs. This could be attributed to the significant inhibition of P-gp activity and reduced ATP levels due to the presence of TRB NPs. Lastly, in vivo tumor inhibition assay verified the higher efficacy of TRB NPs. Overall, the results suggest that this TRB NPs could provide an effective carrier system for the delivery of anticancer agents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".