Reductive Depolymerization of Kraft and Organosolv Lignin in Supercritical Acetone for Chemicals and Materials
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Kraft and organosolv lignin (KL and OL) were depolymerised efficiently in supercritical acetone in the presence of various hydrogenation catalysts (supported metal, e.g., Ni, Ru, Mo, W) and 100 bar hydrogen in the temperature range of 250–350 °C. Under the optimal conditions with Ru/C or FHUDS‐2 catalysts at 350 °C for 1 h, the yield of depolymerised Kraft lignin (DKL) or depolymerised organosolv lignin (DOL) was over 95 wt %. The weight average molecular weight of the lignin was reduced significantly from 10 200 (for KL) to 1020 g mol −1 (DKL) and from 2600 (OL) to 900 g mol −1 (DOL). The oxygen and sulfur contents of Kraft lignin were reduced by 24 and 96 %, respectively. The reductive depolymerisation treatment also decreased the amount of aliphatic hydroxyl groups and increased the amount of aromatic hydroxyl groups in the depolymerised lignin products.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it