Non-coherence Phenomenon in Combinative Transmission Line and Substation Configurations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-coherence in system reliability refers to the fact that absence of a component from the system creates a more reliable system state or provides a higher system reliability level. This phenomenon may exist in transmission systems. Unfortunately, it has not been sufficiently recognized in the power industry. This paper explains the basic concept of possible non-coherence in transmission systems and provides a case study where compared to a single transmission line structure with loop-in connection, a double transmission line structure with tap-connection not only requires one more line but also has a lower reliability level. This is contrary to intuition since transmission planning engineers normally make an opposite judgment. The example given in the paper is an actual application in a utility of Canada. It also has a general significance because the similar double-line arrangement with tap-connection is a popular choice of many utilities for power supply from two-end substations. If the non-coherence feature that could exist in transmission systems can be recognized and identified using quantified reliability evaluation, this will help improve system reliability while avoiding unnecessary transmission components and saving capital investment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".