Reform for Sustainable Water Management in Canada and Its Reference Value to Establishment of Chinese System of “Resource-Type Water Conservancy”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canadian water affairs have entered into a new period of sustainable water management since 1987.The new period is characterized by the water management goal of building a sustainable water system to support sustainable social development,and to ensure equal right of the present and future generations; and the water management principle is that water is not only a resource but also a component of ecosystem.To implement sustainable water management, Canada has restructured the administration of water resources through centralizing all water agencies into one organization or a few organizations.China should centralize water management rights by rearrangement of institutions for water management as Canada did in establishing the system of “Resource Type Water Conservancy”. The ecosystem approach has been widely viewed as a means to achieve sustainable development and management of water resources in Canada. Today's Canadian water management is based on the sustainability ethic of ecological integrity to ensure a healthy environment. To achieve the goal of sustainable water utilization, China needs to pay more attention to linking water resources management and the management of other resources and to give more concern for socioeconomic and ecological issues in water planning and water allocation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".