Nonlinear Electrical Properties of TiO_2·Y_2O_3·Nb_2O_5 Capacitor-Varistor Ceramics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nonlinear electrical properties of TiO2.Y2O3.Nb2O5 ceramics were investigated as a new varistor material. An optimal doping composition of 99.75%TiO2.0.60%Y2O3.0.10%Nb2O5 was obtained with low breakdown electrical field of 8.8V/mm, high nonlinear constant of 7.0 and ultrahigh relative dielectric constant of 7.6×104, being consistent with the highest and narrowest grain boundary barriers of the ceramic. The frequency dependence of the capacitance and the resistivity shows that the samples doped with 0.10%mol Nb2O5 exhibit the highest capacitance and resistivity at low frequencies and comparatively low in comparison with other samples at high frequencies. In view of these electrical characteristics; the ceramic of 99.75%TiO2 .0.60%Y2O3 .0. 10%Nb2O5 is a viable candidate for capacitor-varistor functional devices. The characteristics of the ceramics can be explained by the effect and the maximum of the substitution of Ti4+ with Nb5+. In order to illustrate the grain boundary barriers formation in TiO2.Y2O3.Nb2O5 varistors, a grain-boundary defect barrier model was also introduced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".