Zinc Isotope Fractionation as an Indicator of Geochemical Attenuation Processes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Isotope ratio measurements have been used to trace environmental processes, especially in subsurface environments. In this study, we evaluated the potential to use zinc (Zn) stable isotope ratios as indicators of attenuation processes, including sorption and precipitation. Zn isotope fractionation was observed during distinctly different precipitation processes. Isotope measurements confirmed an increasing trend in aqueous δ 66 Zn in solution during sphalerite (ZnS) formation, but a decreasing trend in δ 66 Zn during the precipitation of hydrozincite [Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 6 ] and hopeite [Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·4H 2 O]. In contrast, time-dependent sorption of Zn onto ferrihydrite at a fixed pH did not cause isotopic fractionation in the solution over the duration of the experiments. These findings suggest potential applications of stable isotope measurements in aqueous environments for determining reaction pathways (e.g., precipitation with common groundwater constituents) leading to Zn attenuation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".