Memory function and metabolic change of related brain regions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the memory function and metabolic change of related brain regions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods The patients complained with hypomnesia including 73 T2DM patients(DM group) and 73 non-DM patients(control group) were detected by Mini-mental state examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA) and Revised Wechsler Memory Scale(WMS-RC).Meanwhile,STEAM1H-magnetic resonance spectrum(1H-MRS) was performed to scan the left hippocampus,frontal lobes,basal ganglia and thalamus.The peak area values of N-acetylaspartate(NAA),creatine and phosphocreatine(Cr,Cr2),myoqnositol(mI),choline-containing compounds(Cho) and glutamate complex(Glx) were compared between the two groups.Results(1) Total scores of both MMSE and MoCA and scores for immediate memory and short-term memory in MoCA in DM group were significant lower than the control group(P 0.01-0.005).No significant difference was shown in WMS-RC test between the two groups.(2) The peak areas of Cr and mI in the left hippocampus and Cr2 in the left frontal in DM group were significant higher than those in the control group(P 0.050.01).Meantime,in the left thalamus,the peak areas of NAA,Cr and Cho in DM group were evidently lower than those in the control group(all P 0.05).The differences of any metabolic in the left basal ganglia were no significance between two groups.Conclusion T2DM can impair memory function.There are metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus,frontal and thalamus which are the memory-related brain regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".