Chinese Multilateral Recognition and Enforcement Arrangement for Civil and Commercial Judgments:Proposed Solutions for Four Critical Challenges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Replacing the current two bilateral judgment recognition and enforcement(JRE) arrangements,a Multilateral JRE Arrangement among Mainland China,Hong Kong,and Macao can realize free circulation of judgments in China.This Arrangement may also be extended to Taiwan.This article focuses on what lessons China may draw from the US and the EU to develop this Multilateral Arrangement.It first discusses the status quo of the interregional JRE in China.Then it points out the four most crucial challenges in developing this arrangement:conflicts between socialist and capitalist law,conflicts between civil and common law,weak mutual trust,and the lack of a court of final review for cases from all three regions.Importantly,it proposes solutions to each challenge by comparative studies with the US and the EU interregional JRE laws.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".