Chinese Multilateral Recognition and Enforcement Arrangement for Civil and Commercial Judgments:Proposed Solutions for Four Critical Challenges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Replacing the current two bilateral judgment recognition and enforcement(JRE) arrangements,a Multilateral JRE Arrangement among Mainland China,Hong Kong,and Macao can realize free circulation of judgments in China.This Arrangement may also be extended to Taiwan.This article focuses on what lessons China may draw from the US and the EU to develop this Multilateral Arrangement.It first discusses the status quo of the interregional JRE in China.Then it points out the four most crucial challenges in developing this arrangement:conflicts between socialist and capitalist law,conflicts between civil and common law,weak mutual trust,and the lack of a court of final review for cases from all three regions.Importantly,it proposes solutions to each challenge by comparative studies with the US and the EU interregional JRE laws.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".