Diurnal Activity Time Budget of the Captive Equus ferus przewalskii in High Temperature Period of Summer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main diurnal behaviors of captive Przewalski's horses(Equus ferus przewalskii) in high temperature period of summer were investigated at Xinjiang Wild Horse Breeding and Research Center from July to August of 2011 and 2012 using all-occurrence recording and focal animal sampling methods.The results showed that the behaviors of captive Przewalski's horses were different under various heat stress conditions,and this was accordant with normal biological characteristics of animal.Significant difference was observed in the time budget of feeding behavior using two-factor variance analysis and multiple comparison tests: the lactating female horses showed the highest(F3,68 = 131.144,P = 0.000) in all groups and foals showed the lowest(F3,68 = 131.144,P = 0.000);the lactating female horses spent the most time on drinking behavior and significantly different with normal female horses(F3,68 = 1.825,P = 0.049);the lactating female horses spend the least time on standing behavior(F3,68 = 41.438,P =0.000;P =0.010) and foals showed the most(F3,68 = 41.438,P = 0.000);foals spend the most time on resting behavior and significantly different with male(F3,68 = 7.068,P =0.040) and lactating female horses(F3,68 = 7.068,P =0.006);male horses spend the most time on moving behavior(F3,68 = 24.781,P = 0.021;P = 0.000)and the lactating female horses showed the least(F3,68 = 24.781,P = 0.000;P = 0.003);female horses spent the most time on grooming behavior(F2,51 = 14.967,P = 0.017;P = 0.001);foals spent the most time on other behavior(F3,68 = 217.107,P = 0.000)and female horses spend the least(F3,68 = 217.107,P = 0.000).Overall,the captive Przewalski's horses performed different behavioral responses to high temperature stimulation in summer.In light of these results,we propose that the horses should be feed separately to prevent accidental injury caused by high temperature in summer of Xinjiang.Moreover,behavioral observation can be introduced as a monitoring method for captive Przewalski's horses during high temperature period of summer,and provide a scientific basis for artificial management and protection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".