LAMELLAR HOLE–ASSOCIATED EPIRETINAL PROLIFERATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Purpose: To correlate clinical and optical coherence tomographic features with histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in an eye undergoing surgical excision of lamellar hole–associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP). Methods: An eye with a lamellar macular hole and LHEP without a tractional epiretinal membrane component was identified with spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic imaging and underwent pars plana vitrectomy with LHEP and internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade. The surgically excised LHEP specimen was analyzed with histopathological and immunohistochemical staining using flat-mount preparation techniques. Postsurgical outcomes including visual acuity and optical coherence tomographic imaging were reviewed. Results: With spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, the lamellar macular hole was found to be closed with no residual LHEP after the surgery. Visual acuity improved from 20/200 preoperatively to 20/40 at 6 months after the surgery. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the LHEP specimen revealed retinal glial cells that reacted positively with anti–glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti–glutamine synthetase, a Müller cell–specific antibody. Conclusion: Lamellar macular hole with LHEP may demonstrate closure after pars plana vitrectomy with LHEP and internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade. There was considerable improvement in visual acuity. It is possible that LHEP originates from middle retinal layers of the lamellar hole defect because it contains retinal glial cells, specifically Müller cells. Lamellar hole–associated epiretinal proliferation was found on immunohistochemical analysis to contain retinal glial cells, which reacted positively with anti–glial fibrillary acidic protein and anti–glutamine synthetase, a Müller cell–specific antibody. Hence, it is plausible that this entity originates from middle retinal layers of the lamellar hole defect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".