Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic study of synthetic fluorapatite: Part I. Local structural environment and substitution mechanism of Gd <sup>3+</sup> at the Ca2 site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gd-doped fluorapatite (1.2 ± 0.2 wt% Gd2O3), synthesized from CaF2-rich melts, has been investigated as single crystals and powder samples by using X-band (~9.4 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at -295 and 120 K. The well-resolved X-band EPR spectra yielded a previously unreported type of Gd3+ center "a" (S = 7/2) and also suggested the possible presence of a second and partly resolved type of Gd3+ center "b." In particular, the single-crystal X-band EPR spectra of center "a" from three orthogonal-rotation planes allowed determination of the spin-Hamil- tonian parameters, including the spin terms of type BS (matrix g) and S2 (matrix D) and the parameters associated with the high-spin terms of type S4and S6 as well as BS3 and BS5. The validity of the parameters has been confirmed by agreement between observed and simulated EPR spectra for both single crystals and powder samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".