Ethnic Immigrant suicide in a Canadian psychiatric service: A case series from 1966–1997
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is a major public-health problem in Canada. Data from ‘Statistics Canada’ suggests that there was a 10% increase in suicide rate between the years 1997 and 1999. Studies have found substantial differences in suicide rates (and patterns) amongst ethnic immigrants compared to Canadian-born individuals. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate whether ethnic-immigrant patients differed from Canadian-born patients in their social, demographic, psychiatric and historical associations. Methods All registered patients (n = 276) known to have completed suicide from 1966–1997 constituted the study sample. Data were extracted from the written case audits, autopsy and toxicology reports, and medical records. Results Of the 276 known cases of suicide, 11 were Afro-Caribbean, 24 were Eastern European, 14 were Asian and 215 were Canadian-born patients. The ethnic-immigrant groups were broadly comparable to the Canadian-born group in terms of the social, demographic, psychiatric and background historical factors (except that the latter had a higher prevalence of alcohol and substance misuse). There were no significant differences between different ethnic immigrant groups themselves. Conclusions The most salient implication of the findings are that social, psychiatric and historical associations of mentally ill patients who complete suicide are common across different ethnic immigrant groups, and as such a universal approach to mental health promotion, early identification and treatment would be similarly applicable to patients belonging to all groups. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".