Outstanding Foreign Doctors of Introduction Modern Western Medicine of Dermatology and Venereology to China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To review the development history of Chinese modern western dermatovenereology and retrospect foreign doctors who have made outstanding contribution to the performance. Methods Extensive retrieval historical literature, from1838 to 1950, were enrocced in 13 kinds of reference books were retrievaled to find out foreign doctors in medical activities. Results Many modern physicians of the United States of America, Britain United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Republic of Austria, France, Republic of Italy, Japan, built clinics or hospitals for Chinese patients, set up many medical schools to train medical personnel. Chinese leprosy patients got free treatment in the leprosy hospital. Outstanding foreign doctors inclouds: John Glasgow Kerr, John Dudgeon, Dugald Christie, David Duncan Main, Philip Brunelleschi Cousland, James Boyd Neal, James Laidlaw Maxwell, Lee Sjoers Huizenga, George Gushue Taylor, Masao Ota, Leroy Francis Heimburger, Chester North Frazier, Frederick Reiss, Stephen Doulas Sturton, George Hatem, et al. Conclusion These foreign doctors were pioneers and founders of modern Chinese medicine Dermatology and Venereology. They are worthy of Chinese people's respect, admiration and miss forever. They are model of Chinese dermatologist.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".