Effects of low temperature freeze-thawing on the structural characteristics of waxy corn starch granule
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The waxy corn starch were processed by slowly and rapidly freeze-thawing methods, and the granule morphology, particle size, mean diameter, polarization cross and crystallinity properties of waxy corn starch were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, polarized light microscope and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the micro-pores increased, particle size and mean diameter decreased, polarization cross weakened, moreover, the slowly freeze-thawing could significantly change the granule structure properties, and more than 20 times freeze-thawing cycles could destroy the granule structure. However, freeze-thawing temperature and cycle times have little effects on the crystallinity patterns and intensity. Therefore, the slowly freeze-thawing method could apply in starch modification, we can change the starch granule structure and modification degree by controlling the freeze-thawing temperature and cycle times.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".