APPLICATON OF GEOPHYSICAL WELL LOGGING TECHNOLOGY IN EXPLORATION OF GAS HYDRATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gas hydrate is a potential huge energy. The developed countries, such as United State, Japan and Russia, has done lots of researches in this area to detect the existence of gas hydrate and evaluate the reserves of it. Geophisical well logging has played a important role in the detection and evaluation of gas hydrate and along with the increase of wells drilling for explore the gas hydrate, more and more stress has been laid on well logging. Based on the present situation of poor research in this field in our country, this paper summarizes the application of geophysical well logging technology in the exploration of gas hydrate. Firstly, the techniques of qualitative identification and quantitative evaluation of porosity and saturation in the gas hydrate bearing reservoir by conventional well logging data are discussed detailedly. For the qualitative identification, on the log in a gas hydrate zone ,there is a relatively higher electricalresistivity deflection than that in a water saturated zone, a relatively lower SP deflection in gas hydrate bearing zone than that in free gas zone. And the caliper log in gas hydrate zone shows a characteristic with oversized borehole for the reason of gashydrate decomposition. There is a decrease in acoustic transit time in comparision to that in the water or free gas bearing horizon. In the neutron porosity and density log, they shows a slight increase and decrease respectively. For the quantitative evaluation, the porosity in the gas hydrate bearing reservoir can be determined from core analysis, density log, neutron porosity log and resistivity log, but the porosity from core ananlysis and resistivity log is more accurate than that from other two methods for the bad borehole condition. The saturation of gas hydrate can be calculated using standard Archie equation and a quicklook Archie analysis method.Secondly, carbon/oxygen spectral logging is a good method to quantitatively evaluate gas hydrate saturation. Two interpretation models of carbon/oxygen spectral logging for the gas hydrate bearing reservoir are presented. The first one is gas hydrate carbon/oxygen reservoir model,from which the ratio of between different elements and then the gas hydrate saturation can be derived.The second one is the complex carbon/oxygen reservoir model,in which the effects of borehole fluid and carbon in shale are considered.Thirdly,image logging responses at the gas hydrate bearing interval are introduced.During leg 164 of the Ocean Drilling Program, The FMS were used and produced a high resolution resistivity image, from which the existence of gas hydrate was proved. In addition, the FMI image was achieved in the Mackenzie delta of Canada ,from which the occurrence of gas hydrate also was inferred.Based on above summarization, the research strategy in this area for our country are presented.In view of the present situation, our country should cultivate young scholars in this field, and fund for the research in this area. In the aspect of technology, our country should enhance the research on the theory and experiment of every well logging responses, especially about calibration of bad borehole condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".