The Effects of Housing Manipulations on Wheel Running, Feeding and Body Weight in Female Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Providing rats with running wheel access results in a short-term reduction in feeding and body weight relative to controls; known as the wheel-induced feeding suppression (WIFS). WIFS may parallel aspects of anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder that mostly affects females. Yet, most studies of WIFS and related models use male rats. The present study included female and male rats, where half were given wheel access to measure effects on feeding and body weight. Replication 1 females and Replication 2 males were in unisex housing. Replication 3 males and females were housed in same room. Rats were individually (IH) or pair housed (PH) as it may reduce stress and the WIFS. None of the replications found evidence that pair housing changed the WIFS. Females in Replication 1 had a shorter WIFS than Replication 2 males. In Replication 3, the WIFS was similar in both sexes. Pair housing affected wheel turn counts. Female PH rats ran in the wheel together, resulting in fewer wheel counts than for IH rats. PH males did not run together, resulting in equal or higher counts than IH males. Female wheel running and feeding were affected by the estrous cycle; running was elevated and feeding was reduced at estrus. The Whitten effect suggests that males can induce estrous cycle regularity and synchrony. In Replication 3, males induced estrous regularity and synchrony as seen in the wheel running and feeding of the females. The absence of males in Replication 1 led to reduced estrous regularity and synchrony. It is concluded that exercise has immediate and lasting effect on energy balance. Females regulate this energy balance differently than males, a difference possibly driven by gonadal hormones and by a number of factors in the environment. The sex differences in regulating energy balance can have important implications for eating disorders that are sexually dimorphic, like anorexia and even those of increased consumption, such as obesity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".