Economic Integration of Recent Chinese Immigrants in Canada' s Second-Tier Cities:The Triple Glass Effect and Immigrants' Downward Social Mobility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent Chinese immigrants in Calgary and Edmonton have encountered multifaceted barriers,particularly in employment and language during their economic integration.Furthermore,they have experienced deskilling and devaluation of their prior learning and work experience after immigrating to Canada. As a consequence,many have suffered unemployment and underemployment,poor economic performance,and downward social mobility,which have adversely hindered their integration process. Immigrants' negative experience can be attributed to a triple glass effect consisting of a glass gate,glass door,and glass ceiling. While a glass gate denies immigrants 'entrance to guarded professional communities,a glass door blocks immigrants' access to professional employment at high- wage firms. It is the glass ceiling which prevents immigrants from moving up to management positions because of their ethnic and cultural differences. The Canadian government should adopt an inclusive framework that works toward recognitive justice in balancing freedom of mobility with recognition and full membership.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".