Experimental study on displacement of miscible fluid flow in porous sandstone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of velocity and displacing patterns on fluid flows and the dispersion coefficients were experimentally studied in the cases of the more viscous fluid(isopropanol,IPA) displacing less viscous fluid(water) and water displacing IPA in sandstone samples.The results show that in the case of IPA displacing water,advancing fronts are stable and smooth.The IPA breakthrough occurs earlier and the volume required to achieve the complete displacement is less or displacement efficiency is higher when the displacing velocity is lower.In the case of water displacing IPA,the breakthrough and the displacement efficiency are similar to that in the case of IPA displacing water,but unstable fronts appear.Trailing phenomena were observed in the case of water displacing IPA.It implies that less viscous fluid displacing more viscous fluid could have relatively lower displacement efficiency.The dispersion coefficient is generally proportional to the average flow velocity,while the proportional factors rely on both the pore structure and the displacing patterns.The dispersion coefficients are higher in the case of displacing more viscous fluid in the same porous media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".